灵活运用JS开发技巧

原文链接：Joway Young

目录

• String Skill：字符串技巧
• Number Skill：数值技巧
• Boolean Skill：布尔技巧
• Array Skill：数组技巧
• Object Skill：对象技巧
• Function Skill：函数技巧
• DOM Skill：DOM技巧

《ES6标准入门》

String Skill

对比时间

const time1 = "2019-02-14 21:00:00";
const time2 = "2019-05-01 09:00:00";
const overtime = time1 > time2;
// overtime => false

格式化金钱

const ThousandNum = num => num.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",");
const money = ThousandNum(20190214);
// money => "20,190,214"

生成随机ID

const RandomId = len => Math.random().toString(36).substr(3, len);
const id = RandomId(10);
// id => "jg7zpgiqva"

生成随机HEX色值

const RandomColor = () => "#" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16).padEnd(6, "0");
const color = RandomColor();
// color => "#f03665"

生成星级评分

const StartScore = rate => "★★★★★☆☆☆☆☆".slice(5 - rate, 10 - rate);
const start = StartScore(3);
// start => "★★★"

操作URL查询参数

const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search.replace(/\?/ig, "")); // location.search = "?name=young&sex=male"
params.has("young"); // true
params.get("sex"); // "male"

Number Skill

取整

const num1 = ~~ 1.69;
const num2 = 1.69 | 0;
const num3 = 1.69 >> 0;
// num1 num2 num3 => 1 1 1

补零

const FillZero = (num, len) => num.toString().padStart(len, "0");
const num = FillZero(169, 5);
// num => "00169"

转数值

const num1 = +null;
const num2 = +"";
const num3 = +false;
const num4 = +"169";
// num1 num2 num3 num4 => 0 0 0 169

时间戳

const timestamp = +new Date("2019-02-14");
// timestamp => 1550102400000

精确小数

const RoundNum = (num, decimal) => Math.round(num * 10 ** decimal) / 10 ** decimal;
const num = RoundNum(1.69, 1);
// num => 1.7

判断奇偶

const RoundNum = (num, decimal) => Math.round(num * 10 ** decimal) / 10 ** decimal;
const num = RoundNum(1.69, 1);
// num => 1.7

取最小最大值

const arr = [0, 1, 2];
const min = Math.min(...arr);
const max = Math.max(...arr);
// min max => 0 2

生成范围随机数

const RandomNum = (min, max) => Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
const num = RandomNum(1, 10);

Boolean Skill

短路运算

const a = d && 1; // 满足条件赋值：取假运算，从左到右依次判断，遇到假值返回假值，后面不再执行，否则返回最后一个真值
const b = d || 1; // 默认赋值：取真运算，从左到右依次判断，遇到真值返回真值，后面不再执行，否则返回最后一个假值
const c = !d; // 取假赋值：单个表达式转换为true则返回false，否则返回true

判断数据类型

可判断类型：undefined、null、string、number、boolean、array、object、symbol、date、regexp、function、asyncfunction、arguments、set、map、weakset、weakmap

function DataType(tgt, type) {
    const dataType = Object.prototype.toString.call(tgt).replace(/\[object (\w+)\]/, "$1").toLowerCase();
    return type ? dataType === type : dataType;
}
DataType("young"); // "string"
DataType(20190214); // "number"
DataType(true); // "boolean"
DataType([], "array"); // true
DataType({}, "array"); // false

是否为空数组

const arr = [];
const flag = Array.isArray(arr) && !arr.length;
// flag => true

是否为空对象

const obj = {};
const flag = DataType(obj, "object") && !Object.keys(obj).length;
// flag => true

满足条件时执行

const flagA = true; // 条件A
const flagB = false; // 条件B
(flagA || flagB) && Func(); // 满足A或B时执行
(flagA || !flagB) && Func(); // 满足A或不满足B时执行
flagA && flagB && Func(); // 同时满足A和B时执行
flagA && !flagB && Func(); // 满足A且不满足B时执行

为非假值时执行

const flag = false; // undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN
!flag && Func();

数组不为空时执行

const arr = [0, 1, 2];
arr.length && Func();

对象不为空时执行

const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
Object.keys(obj).length && Func();

函数退出代替条件分支退出

if (flag) {
    Func();
    return false;
}
// 换成
if (flag) {
    return Func();
}

switch/case 使用区间

const age = 26;
switch (true) {
    case isNaN(age):
        console.log("not a number");
        break;
    case (age < 18):
        console.log("under age");
        break;
    case (age >= 18):
        console.log("adult");
        break;
    default:
        console.log("please set your age");
        break;
}

Array Skill

克隆数组

const _arr = [0, 1, 2];
const arr = [..._arr];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]

合并数组

const arr1 = [0, 1, 2];
const arr2 = [3, 4, 5];
const arr = [...arr1, ...arr2];
// arr => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

去重数组

const arr = [...new Set([0, 1, 1, null, null])];
// arr => [0, 1, null]

混淆数组

const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice().sort(() => Math.random() - .5);
// arr => [3, 4, 0, 5, 1, 2]

清空数组

const arr = [0, 1, 2];
arr.length = 0;
// arr => []

截断数组

const arr = [0, 1, 2]
arr.length = 2;
// arr => [0, 1]

交换赋值

let a = 0;
let b = 1;
[a, b] = [b, a];
// ab => 1 0

过滤空值

const arr = [undefined, null, "", 0, false, NaN, 1, 2].filter(Boolean);
// arr => [1, 2]

异步累计

async function Func(deps) {
    return deps.reduce(async(t, v) => {
        const dep = await t;
        const version = await Todo(v);
        dep[v] = version;
        return dep
    }, Promise.resolve({}));
}

const result = await Func(); // 需要async 包围下使用

数组首部插入成员

let arr = [1, 2]; // 以下方法任选一种
arr.unshift(0);
arr = [0].concat(arr);
arr = [0,...arr];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]

数组尾部插入成员

let arr = [0, 1]; // 以下方法任选一种
arr.push(2);
arr.concat(2);
arr[arr.length] = 2;
arr = [...arr, 2];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]

统计数组成员个数

const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2];
const count = arr.reduce((t, v) => {
    t[v] = t[v] ? ++[v] : 1;
    return t;
},{});
// count => { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }

解构数组成员嵌套

const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3, [4, 5]]];
const [a, b, [c, d, [e, f]]] = arr;
// a b c d e f => 0 1 2 3 4 5

结构数组成员别名

const arr = [0, 1, 2];
const { 0: a, 1: b, 2: c } = arr
// a b c => 0 1 2

结构数组成员默认值

const arr = [0, 1, 2];
const [a, b, c = 3, d = 4] = arr;
// a b c d => 0 1 2 4

获取随机数成员

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const randomItem = arr[Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length)];
// randomItem => 1

创建指定长度数组

const arr = [...new Array(3).keys()];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]

创建指定长度且值相等的数组

const arr = new Array(3).fill(0);
// arr => [0, 0, 0]

reduce代替map和filter

const _arr = [0, 1, 2];

// map
const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2);
const arr = _arr.reduce((t, v) => {
    t.push(v * 2);
    return t;
}, []);
// arr => [0, 2, 4]

// filter
const arr = _arr.filter(v => v > 0);
const arr = _arr.reduce((t, v) => {
    v > 0 && t.push(v);
    return t;
}, []);
// arr => [1, 2]

// map 和 filter
const arr = _arr.map(v => v * 2).filter(v => v > 2);
const arr = _arr.reduce((t, v) => {
    v = v * 2;
    v > 2 && t.push(v);
    return t;
}, []);
// arr => [4]

Object Skill

克隆对象

const _obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
const obj = { ..._obj };
const obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(_obj));
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }

合并对象

const obj1 = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
const obj2 = { c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 };
const obj = { ...obj1, ...obj2 };
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 }

对象字面量

const env = "prod";
const link = {
    dev: "Development Address",
    test: "Testing Address",
    prod: "Production Address"
}[env];

// link => "Production Address"

对象变量属性

const flag = false;
const obj = {
    a: 0,
    b: 1,
    [flag ? "c" : "d"]: 2
};
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, d: 2 }

创建纯空对象

const obj = Object.create(null);
Object.prototype.a = 0;
// obj => {}

删除对象无用属性

const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }; // 只想拿b和c
const { a, ...rest } = obj;
// rest => { b: 1, c: 2 }

解构对象属性嵌套

const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: { d: 2, e: 3 } };
const { c: { d, e } } = obj;
// d e => 2 3

解构对象属性别名

const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
const { a, b: d, c: e } = obj;
// a d e => 0 1 2

解构对象属性默认值

const obj = { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 };
const { a, b = 2, d = 3} = obj;
// a b d => 0 1 3

Function Skill

函数自执行

const Func = function() {}(); // 常用

(function() {})(); // 常用
(function() {}()); // 常用
[function() {}()];

+ function() {}();
- function() {}();
~ function() {}();
! function() {}();

new function() {};
new function() {}();
void function() {}();
typeof function() {}();
delete function() {}();

1, function() {}();
1 ^ function() {}();
1 > function() {}();

隐式函数返回值

const Func = function(name) {
    return "I Love " + name
}

// 换成
const Func = name => "I Love " + name;

一次性函数

function Func() {
    console.log("x")
    Func = function() {
        console.log("y")
    }
}

惰性载入函数

function Func() {
    if (a === b){
        console.log("x");
    }else {
        console.log("Y");
    }
}

// 换成
function Func() {
    if(a === b) {
        Func = function() {
            console.log("x")
        }
    }else {
        Func = function() {
            console.log("y")
        }
    }
    return Func();
}

检测非空参数

function IsRequired() {
    throw new Error("param is required");
}
function Func(name = IsRequired()) {
    console.log("I Love" + name)
}
Func(); // "param is required"
Func("You") // "I Love You"

字符串创建函数

const Func = new Function("name", "console.log(\"I Love \" + name)");

优雅处理错误信息

try {
    Func();
} catch (e) {
    location.href = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=[js]+" + e.message;
}

优雅处理 Async/ Await 参数

function AsyncTo(promise) {
    return promise.then(data => [null, data]).catch(err => [err]);
}
const [err, res] = await AsyncTo(Func());

优雅处理多个函数返回值

function Func() {
    return Promise.all([
        fetch("/user"),
        fetch("/comment")
    ])
}

const [user, comment] = await Func(); // 需在async 包围下使用

DOM Skill

显示全部DOM边框

[].forEach.call($$("*"), dom => {
    dom.style.outline = "1px solid #" + (~~(Math.random() * (1 << 24))).toString(16);
});

自适应页面

function AutoResponse(width = 750) {
    const target = document.documentElement;
    target.clientWidth >= 600
        ? (target.style.fontSize = "80px")
        : (target.style.fontSize = target.clientWidth / width * 100 + "px");
}

过滤XSS

function FilterXss(content) {
    let elem = document.createElement("div");
    elem.innerText = content;
    const result = elem.innerHTML;
    elem = null;
    return result;
}

存取LocalStorage

localStorage.setItem("love", JSON.stringify("I Love You"));
const love = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("love"));

(_=>[..."`1234567890-=~~QWERTYUIOP[]\\~ASDFGHJKL;'~~ZXCVBNM,./~"].map(x=>(o+=`/${b='_'.repeat(w=x<y?2:' 667699'[x=["Bs","Tab","Caps","Enter"][p++]||'Shift',p])}\\|`,m+=y+(x+'    ').slice(0,w)+y+y,n+=y+b+y+y,l+=' __'+b)[73]&&(k.push(l,m,n,o),l='',m=n=o=y),m=n=o=y='|',p=l=k=[])&&k.join`
`)()